Diversified Metals & Mining

Highlights Portfolio Strategy The selloff in the long end of the Treasury bond market and related yield curve steepening, rising loan growth and a turnaround in bank net interest margins, all signal that a durable re-rating phase is in the offing in the beaten down financials sector. Soaring real and nominal yields on the back of a US economic reopening, sinking policy uncertainty, and the specter of a countertrend USD rally, all undermine global gold mining stocks. Downgrade to underweight. We deem there is an exploitable opportunity within the reopening theme and we reiterate our recent pair trade recommendation: long USES “Laggards” basket/short USES “Overshooters” basket (excluding the GICS1 sectors). Recent Changes Downgrade the global gold mining index to underweight, today. This move also pushes the S&P materials sector to a neutral allocation. Last week our rolling 2.5% stop was triggered and we booked gains of 17% in the deep cyclicals/defensives portfolio bent that is now on even keel. On February 10, we closed the S&P consumer staples and the S&P homebuilding high-conviction underweights for 8% and -11% returns, respectively, since the December 7 inception. On February 11, we rolled over the synthetic long SPY options structure from March expiry (long $390/$410 call spread/short $340 put) to June expiry (long $400/$420 call spread/short $340 put) netting gains of $5.41/contract or 676% since the January 12 inception. Feature While stocks swiftly gyrated last week and the selloff in Treasury bonds dominated the news flow, the corporate bond market remained as placid as ever. This eerie calmness is slightly unnerving as junk spreads, all the way out to the CCC poor-quality spectrum, have been steadily sinking. But, resurging commodities likely confirm that there is no real reason to panic as global growth remains on an upward trajectory courtesy of pent-up demand that will get unleashed in the back half of the year as the global economy reopens (Chart 1). We recently reinitiated the long “Back-To-Work” basket as the expense of our “COVID-19 Winners” basket and this trade is already up another 21.3% since the second inception on Feb 3, 2021. With regard to monetary policy that remains a key pillar of equity euphoria, the Fed has vociferously signaled that they will not be backing down from QE and their ZIRP policy. The FOMC is not even thinking about thinking about tapering asset purchases, despite a looming inflation spike in the coming months due to base effects and bottlenecks that they vehemently deem transitory. Chart 1Eerie Calm? Eerie Calm? Eerie Calm? Importantly, Charts 2 & 3 show that both the ISM’s manufacturing prices paid index and a sideways move in retail gasoline prices predict a surge in headline CPI in the April/May time frame as we first showed in a recent Special Report. Chart 2The Bond Market Is Already… The Bond Market Is Already… The Bond Market Is Already… Chart 3…Testing The Fed …Testing The Fed …Testing The Fed Tack on a plethora of anecdotes regarding shortages and price hikes in a slew of industries and an inflationary spurt is already here. In more detail, an inflationary impulse is not only evident in chip and car shortages and in container freight shipping rates, but also in dry bulk transport rates. Drilling beneath the surface of the Baltic Dry Index, and looking beyond Capesize carriers, reveals that Panamax and Handysize vessel freight rates are on a tear, probing 11-year highs and more than quadrupling since the March lows (Chart 4). These smaller ships are more nimble and rarely take voyage empty as recent container ships have been when returning to China to reload. Thus, the sizable increase in Handysize and Panamax shipping rates suggests that commodity demand is robust, especially industrial commodities. Returning to US shores, the most recent retail sales report also caused a jump in the Atlanta Fed’s GDPNow and the NY Fed’s Nowcast forecasts for Q1 near double digit real GDP growth. For calendar 2021, according to daily data from Bloomberg, economists expect US real GDP growth north of 4.9% (Chart 5). More blow out quarters are in the offing courtesy of the inoculation of the population, the reopening of the economy and persistent government largesse. Chart 4Look Beneath The Surface… Look Beneath The Surface… Look Beneath The Surface… Chart 5…And The Economic Recovery Is Gaining Steam… …And The Economic Recovery Is Gaining Steam… …And The Economic Recovery Is Gaining Steam… Crudely put, while consumers will not buy 10 coffees or eat 10 meals at a restaurant all at once when the economy fully reopens, they may choose to fly business on their next vacation and indulge on a more lavish hotel. Add on that the hospitality industry specifically has aggressively shut down capacity and an inflationary impulse is likely as consumer purse strings will loosen very quickly. Thus, trust in the Fed’s ultra-dovishness represents the biggest equity market risk in the coming months as the FOMC allows the economy to run hot and there are high odds that the bond market will continue to test the Fed’s resolve. Our sense is that the Fed will initially ignore the spike in inflation, at least until the summer, thus refraining from removing the proverbial “punch bowl”. However, if the market detects any signs of a “less dovish” Fed, especially if high inflation prints persist for whatever reason, risk premia will get repriced a lot higher (Chart 6). Chart 6…But A Lot Of Good News Is Baked In …But A Lot Of Good News Is Baked In …But A Lot Of Good News Is Baked In Staying on the topic of interest rates, we have a long-held rule of thumb that stocks cannot stomach more than 100-125bps tightening via a selloff in the 10-year US Treasury bond in a less than a year time frame basis. In other words, were the 10-year US Treasury yield to surpass and stay over 1.55% by March, 2.05% by June, and 1.75% by August, then the equity market will likely suffer a pullback, especially given the absence of a valuation cushion. In fact, last Thursday the 10-year US Treasury yield cleared the 1.6% hurdle and stocks sold off violently. In more detail, we examined data from 2009 onward, therefore only covering the QE era, which would increase the applicability of our analysis. Importantly, the 2009-2011 iterations provide the closest parallels as to what will likely take root this cycle as those instances occurred in a post recessionary environment, which is similar to today. The 2009-2011 period also best aligns with the main reason for having this rule of thumb in the first place: to gauge the risk of interest rates undermining the market by weighing on forward multiples and/or via an economic slowdown because of tightening in monetary conditions. Our analysis shows that while the exact timing and size of the stock market drawdown varies from episode to episode, it is generally consistent with a roughly 10% pullback in the S&P 500 albeit with a 1-2 month lag following the trigger in our rule1 (Chart 7). Chart 7Monitoring Our 100-125bps Rule Of Thumb Monitoring Our 100-125bps Rule Of Thumb Monitoring Our 100-125bps Rule Of Thumb Keep in mind that such a pullback is consistent with historical precedents when the Fed is actively engaged in QE, with the most recent example being last September’s/October’s 10% drawdown. Our sense is that the ongoing bond market selloff will serve as a catalyst for a continuation/acceleration of the reopening/rotation/reflation trade out of highly valued tech stocks and into more compellingly valued deep and early cyclicals. Such a transition typically proves tumultuous. This week, we update our sanguine view on an early-cyclical sector, and act on the downgrade alert to a deep cyclical sector via downgrading a safe haven commodity index to a below benchmark allocation. Financials Are On Fire Within the GICS1 universe, the most levered sector to interest rates is the S&P financials sector. Given that the bond selloff has staying power, we reiterate our overweight stance on this early-cyclical sector that we fist boosted to an above benchmark allocation on November 16, 2020. Following up from the 100-125bps bond market tightening rule of thumb, adding another layer of complexity via bringing in the yield curve (YC) is instructive. This analysis corroborates our rule of thumb and suggests that not only do 10-year US Treasury yields have more room to rise, but also so does the S&P financials sector, especially given that it is hovering at an extremely depressed level relative to the S&P 500 (Chart 8). Chart 8V-Shaped Recovery? V-Shaped Recovery? V-Shaped Recovery? Historically the yield curve peaks at a range of 150 to 250 bps. In the past 7 cycles, this range was in place with only one exception: the first leg of the double dip recession in the early 80s. This represents a stellar track record of where the YC peters out based on empirical evidence. Even in the post GFC world, the YC steepened north of 250bp (thrice) and during the early stages of that recovery. The implication is that if history at least rhymes, then the yield curve can steepen a lot more. Were it to revisit the 250bps level, the YC could nearly double from current levels (Chart 9A). Practically, given that the Fed will pin the 2-year US Treasury yield near zero with a near-term max value of roughly 50bps, this equates to a tentative early-cycle peak 10-year Treasury yield range of 2% to 3%.   Chart 9AYield Curve Can Steepen A Lot More Yield Curve Can Steepen A Lot More Yield Curve Can Steepen A Lot More Putting this in perspective, at current levels, the 10-year US Treasury yield is roughly where it stood right after Brexit in mid-2016, which was last cycle’s trough, and still deeply in overvalued territory according to BCA bond valuation model (Chart 9B). Importantly, back then, as now, yields have been late comers to the equity rally. As a reminder, during the manufacturing recession the SPX troughed on Feb 15, 2016 – the day the Royal Dutch Shell / BG Group merger closed – while interest rates bottomed in the first week of July 2016. One key driver of the positive impact of rising interest rates on relative financials share prices will be the end to the banking sector’s hemorrhaging net interest margins (Chart 10). Chart 9BBonds Remain Extremely Overvalued Bonds Remain Extremely Overvalued Bonds Remain Extremely Overvalued Chart 10NIM Turnaround Looms NIM Turnaround Looms NIM Turnaround Looms   Financial services companies represent the nervous system of every economy and a vibrant economy is synonymous with firming loan growth (bottom panel, Chart 11). Beyond the recovery in the broad non-financial corporate sector, the overheating residential housing market in particular is another vital area that is propping up the financials sector (top panel, Chart 11).  All of this suggests that relative profitability will pick up steam this year, a message that our macro-driven relative EPS models also corroborate (second panel, Chart 12). This stands in marked contrast to sell-side analysts’ profit expectations and represents an exploitable trading opportunity: the earnings hurdle is so low for financials that even a modest beat of suppressed EPS growth expectations will go a long way in breathing fresh life into this neglected early-cyclical sector (third & bottom panels, Chart 12). Tack on pent up financials sector buyback demand and a 40bps dividend yield carry versus the SPX and the profit outlook brightens further for this interest rate-sensitive sector. Chart 11Financials Rising Alongside The Economy Financials Rising Alongside The Economy Financials Rising Alongside The Economy Finally, relative valuations are bombed out on any metric used (middle, fourth & bottom panels, Chart 13). Granted, relative technicals are not as alluring as last November, however our Technical Indicator is still below overbought levels that have marked prior relative performance peaks (second panel, Chart 13). Chart 12Green Light On Earnings Green Light On Earnings Green Light On Earnings Chart 13Financials Are Cheap No Matter How You Cut It Financials Are Cheap No Matter How You Cut It Financials Are Cheap No Matter How You Cut It Adding it all up, the selloff in the long end of the Treasury bond market and the associated yield curve steepening, rising loan growth and a turnaround in bank net interest margins signal that a durable re-rating phase looms for the beaten down financials sector. Bottom Line: Continue to overweight the S&P financials sector. Are Gold Miners Losing Their Luster? Last December when we penned the 2021 high-conviction calls Strategy Report, we put global gold miners in the “also rans” section as we did not have the courage to go underweight despite our view of an economic reopening and selloff in the bond market. It is never too late. Today, we use the downgrade alert we issued on the S&P materials sector to trim the sector to neutral via downgrading the global gold mining index to a below benchmark allocation. As a reminder, in mid-January we had put the materials sector on our downgrade watch list as a way to express the move of the cyclicals/defensives portfolio bent back down to even keel. The stock-to-bond (S/B) ratio has broken out to at least a three decade high because stocks are near all-time highs and bonds are selling off violently. This represents an explosive cocktail for gold stocks and is warning that there is ample downside for relative share prices (S/B ratio shown inverted, Chart 14). Chart 14Sell Gold Miners… Sell Gold Miners… Sell Gold Miners… This is largely due to the definitive reopening of the US economy in the coming quarters (bottom panel, Chart 15). It is also evident in 5-year/5-year forward real yields that have been soaring year-to-date signaling that investors should shy away from gold miners (real yields shown inverted, middle panel, Chart 15). Even nominal yields underscore that the path of least resistance for global gold mining equities points lower, especially given that the recent bond market selloff is driven by the real (i.e. growth) not inflation component. As a reminder, gold bullion and gold miners yield next to nothing thus when real rates rise, the opportunity cost to hold gold and gold miners skyrockets and investors abandon gold miners for higher yielding assets (top panel, Chart 16). The recent fall in the share of global negative yielding bonds by over $4tn also weighs on the prospects of gold miners (bottom panel, Chart 16). Importantly, while we are not calling for the Fed to raise rates any time soon, the 12-month forward fed funds rate discounter (as backed out of the OIS curve) has jumped back to the zero line, opening a wide gap with relative share prices. This is unsustainable and our sense is that this gulf will narrow via a drop in the latter in the coming months (fed funds rate discounter shown inverted and advanced, middle panel, Chart 16). Chart 15…When The Economy Is Roaring …When The Economy Is Roaring …When The Economy Is Roaring Another source of worry for gold stocks is the USD. Historically, a rising greenback pushes gold bullion and gold equities lower and vice versa. If the US economy will rebound at a faster clip than the euro area as the Fed is explicitly taking inflation risk and is allowing the economy to run hot, then at some point the US dollar may start to flex its muscles. Granted, this will likely be a countertrend rally in the context of a USD bear market that commenced last spring, especially given the still lopsided US dollar positioning (Chart 17). Chart 16Rising Rates Are bearish Bullion Rising Rates Are bearish Bullion Rising Rates Are bearish Bullion Chart 17Mighty USA = Countertrend Rally In The USD Mighty USA = Countertrend Rally In The USD Mighty USA = Countertrend Rally In The USD In addition, US and global policy uncertainties are melting as the US/Sino trade war has been in hibernation, the US elections are behind us and a “Blue Wave” sweep is certain to deliver mega fiscal easing packages, thus exerting downward pressure on the safe haven status of gold bullion and gold mining equities (Chart 18). Finally, the global equity risk premium is in freefall as not only the Fed, but also the ECB, the BoJ, and a plethora of other CB including EM ones are doing QE effectively engineering a “risk on” asset price inflation phase (Chart 18). Nevertheless, our bearish gold mining equity thesis has to contend with oversold conditions and bombed out relative valuations. We will be closely monitoring these two risks and stand ready to act and cut losses in case value oriented buyers come out of left field (Chart 19). Chart 18Mind The Catch Down Phase Mind The Catch Down Phase Mind The Catch Down Phase Chart 19Two Risks To Monitor Two Risks To Monitor Two Risks To Monitor Netting it all out, soaring real and nominal yields on the back of a US economic reopening, sinking policy uncertainty, and the specter of a countertrend USD rally, all undermine global gold mining stocks. Bottom Line: Downgrade the global gold mining index to underweight today. This move also pushes the S&P materials sector back to the neutral zone. A Few Words On The “Back-To-Work” Trade Last year we created two baskets of stocks to capture the economic reopening theme by constructing a long/short pair trade. This year, we crystallized 21.5% in gains from that pair trade and subsequently reopened it and it is already up another 21.3% since the second inception on February 3, 2021. Two weeks ago, we took a fresh look at the economic reopening theme and pitted “Back-To-Work” laggards against leaders. First, we filtered for well-behaved cyclical industries among all the sectors and sub-sectors we cover. We define a well-behaved cyclical industry as one that trailed the SPX from February 19, 2020 to March 23, 2020; and then outpaced the broad market from March 23, 2020 to today (all computations are in relative to SPX terms). Such filtering excluded all of the defensive & cyclical industries that outperformed the market during the recession, and it also excluded those industries that were too damaged by the pandemic and could not recover above the March 23 trough level (for example, airlines) always in relative terms. Chart 20 is a stylized depiction of our analysis. In total 27 industries survived the filtering. We then computed what is the minimum percentage increase required in order for each group to recover to its February 19 level, and then calculated the difference between that required increase and the one that actually materialized. A positive value signifies that the sector climbed above its February 19 level, whereas a negative value means that the sector still has not recovered. Chart 20Stylized Depiction Of “Back-To-Work” Sectors To Buy And To Avoid… Blind Trust Blind Trust Chart 21 displays the results. Our rationale is as follows: should the economic recovery and normalization themes continue unabated as we expect, then the risk/reward trade-off of owning the “laggards” is greater than the “overshooters”: the former have ample upside potential left, whereas the latter are already discounting a lot of good news. Chart 22 plots the ratio of the two baskets against the ISM manufacturing prices paid sub-component and the 10-year US Treasury yield and supports our rationale that the “laggards” have a long runway ahead versus the “overshooters”. Chart 21…Buy The Laggards / Sell The Overshooters Blind Trust Blind Trust Chart 22Inflation Impulse Beneficiaries Inflation Impulse Beneficiaries Inflation Impulse Beneficiaries Bottom Line: We deem there is an exploitable opportunity within the reopening theme and we reiterate our recent pair trade recommendation: long USES “Laggards” basket/short USES “Overshooters” basket (excluding the GICS1 sectors). As a proxy for this trade we include tickers for the largest stock in each sub-sector (excluding GICS1). Laggards: V, BLK, HCA, MCD, HON, AXP, JPM, COP, PSX, MAR, SLB. Overshooters: EMR, BLL, LIN, NUE, UNP, HD, DHI, CAT, MS, J, TSLA, AMAT. We are aware of some minor conflicts between the “Overshooters” and the “Back-To-Work” basket and also versus our current recommendations table, but we still recommend investors stick with this pair trade.   Anastasios Avgeriou US Equity Strategist anastasios@bcaresearch.com     Footnotes 1     A quick note on the taper tantrum and the 2016 iterations. During those periods the S&P 500 actually fell at the same time as yields rose (not after the rule was triggered), so technically we should not have counted that as a valid iteration on our chart.     Current Recommendations Current Trades Strategic (10-Year) Trade Recommendations Overdose? Overdose? Size And Style Views February 24, 2021 Stay neutral cyclicals over defensives January 12, 2021  Stay neutral small over large caps June 11, 2018 Long the BCA Millennial basket  The ticker symbols are: (AAPL, AMZN, UBER, HD, LEN, MSFT, NFLX, SPOT, ABNB, V). January 22, 2018 Favor value over growth

Oil/Gold Update Oil/Gold Update Our reinstated long S&P oil & gas exploration & production (E&P)/short global gold miners pair trade is up again near the 20% mark. This parabolic rise compels us to re-institute a 10% rolling stop in order to protect gains. Importantly, neither the macro backdrop nor relative profit fundamentals have changed. A rising number of states and countries are setting the groundwork to reopen their economies. This should absorb some of the excess oil supply and help to further steepen the yield curve. Taken together, this will cement the handoff from liquidity to growth and thus further propel the pair trade (see chart). In addition, the Fed’s determination to quash volatility was another reason underpinning this intra-commodity pair trade. The lower the VIX falls, the higher the share price ratio goes. Bottom Line: Institute a 10% rolling stop in the reinstated long S&P oil & E&P/short global gold miners pair trade, today. For a full discussion on the rationale behind the trade, please refer to the following Weekly Report.  

Reinstate The Long S&P E&P/Short Global Gold Miners Trade Reinstate The Long S&P E&P/Short Global Gold Miners Trade Yesterday our 10% rolling stop got triggered on the long S&P oil & gas exploration & production (E&P)/short global gold miners pair trade. We are compelled to reinstate this intra-commodity pair trade, despite the explosive one week return, as neither the macro backdrop nor relative profit fundamentals changed. Importantly, the Fed’s determination to quash volatility is a powerful source of further gains in the relative share price ratio as the oil/gold ratio should regain its footing (volatility shown inverted, bottom panel). In addition, more and more states and a rising number of countries are setting the groundwork to reopen their economies. This should absorb some of the excess oil supply and also push real yields higher, both of which are a boon for relative share prices.  Bottom Line: While we locked in gains of 10% in a mere week on the long S&P E&P/short global gold miners pair trade, we are compelled to reinstate this intra-commodity pair trade. When it hits the 20% return mark anew, it will trigger a 10% rolling stop as a way to protect profits for our portfolio. For additional details please refer to the April 27th Weekly Report.  

Highlights Portfolio Strategy We remain comfortable with a 3,000 SPX fair value estimate backed up by our DDM, forward ERP and sensitivity analyses. The path of least resistance remains higher for the SPX on a 9-12 month cyclical time horizon. The oil price collapse is eliciting a massive supply response that should help rebalance the oil markets, and coupled with glimmers of hope on reopening the economy, it should put a floor under oil prices. CB are injecting unprecedented amounts of liquidity in the markets and at some point this will lead to a growth revival which is negative for gold prices. Taken together, and given all-time lows in relative valuations and technicals, we are compelled to go long US oil & gas exploration & production stocks at the expense of global gold miners. We are putting the S&P managed health care index on downgrade alert to reflect the risk that rising unemployment poses to health care enrollment. Falling interest rates also weigh on industry profitability at a time when relative valuations are perky and technicals are overbought. Recent Changes Initiate a long S&P oil & gas exploration & production/short global gold miners pair trade, today. Table 1 Gauging Fair Value Gauging Fair Value Feature Equities marked time last week, despite the passage of a fresh mini fiscal 2.0 package and efforts to restart the economy in parts of the globe. In contrast, news that President Trump may delay reopening the economy along with negative crude oil prices weighed heavily on the S&P 500. Nevertheless, energy equities fared very well, defying the oil market carnage and impressively relative energy share prices have led the SPX trough (Chart 1). We remain constructive on the broad equity market on a cyclical 9-12 month time horizon. Following up from last week’s SPX dividend discount model (DDM) update, we complement our research with two additional ways of approximating the SPX fair value: EPS and multiple sensitivity analysis and a forward equity risk premium (ERP) analysis. While at the nadir the stock market priced in a collapse in EPS close to $104 for the current year (please refer to our analysis here1), in 2021 EPS can return to their long-term trend line near $162. At first sight this spike in EPS seems unrealistic. However, here are two salient points: Chart 1Energy As A Leading Indicator Energy As A Leading Indicator Energy As A Leading Indicator First, hard-hit COVID-19 subsectors are a small fraction of SPX profits and market capitalization. In other words, the S&P 500 is a market cap weighted index and has already filtered out hotels, cruises, restaurants, homebuilders, autos, auto parts, airlines, and even energy as they comprise a small part of the SPX. Second, historical precedents show an explosive year-over-year growth increase in EPS from recessionary troughs. In fact, the steeper the collapse the more violent the rebound. Hence, our recovery EPS estimate is more or less in line with empirical evidence (Chart 2). Chart 2Violently Oscillating EPS Violently Oscillating EPS Violently Oscillating EPS For comparison purposes, the Street is still penciling in EPS near $135 and $170 for 2020 and 2021, respectively. Table 2 shows our sensitivity analysis and an SPX ending value of just above 2,900 using $162 EPS and an 18x forward multiple as our base case. This multiple is slightly below the historical time trend using IBES data dating back to 1979, and represents our fair value PE estimate (please see page 17 of our April 6, 2020 webcast2 available here). Table 2SPX EPS & Multiple Sensitivity Gauging Fair Value Gauging Fair Value With regard to the forward ERP analysis, our starting point is an equilibrium ERP of 440 basis points (bps). The way we derived this number was using the last decade’s average observed forward ERP (middle panel, Chart 3). We used to think equilibrium ERP was closer to 200bps. However, if the Fed’s extraordinary – and unorthodox – measures since the onset of the GFC did not manage to bring down the ERP (middle panel, Chart 3), then in the current recession with uncertainty on the rise, it only makes sense to model a higher than previously thought equilibrium ERP (middle panel, Chart 4). Chart 3The Forward Equity Risk Premium… The Forward Equity Risk Premium… The Forward Equity Risk Premium… Chart 4…Will Recede …Will Recede …Will Recede And, just to put the forward ERP in perspective, keep in mind that it jumped from 350bps to just below 600bps year-to-date (Chart 4)! A doubling in the 10-year US treasury yield to 120bps is another assumption we are making along with using our trend EPS estimate of $162 for calendar 2021. Backing out price results in a roughly 2,900 SPX fair value estimate (Table 3). Table 3Forward Equity Risk Premium Analysis Gauging Fair Value Gauging Fair Value We remain comfortable with a 3,000 SPX fair value estimate backed up by our DDM, forward ERP and sensitivity analyses. Despite the much needed current consolidation phase, the path of least resistance is higher for the SPX on a 9-12 month cyclical time horizon. This week we are putting a health care subgroup on downgrade alert and initiating a high-octane intra-commodity market-neutral pair trade to benefit from the looming handoff of liquidity to growth. Time To Buy “Black Gold” At The Expense Of Gold Bullion We have been long and wrong on the S&P energy sector and its subcomponents, as neither we nor our Commodity & Energy Strategists anticipated -$40/bbl WTI crude oil futures prices. Nevertheless, as the energy sector is drifting into oblivion within the SPX – it is now the second smallest GICS1 sector with a 2.77% market cap weight slightly higher than materials – we think that WTI May contract reaching -$40/bbl marked the recessionary trough. Similar to the early-2018 “volmageddon” incident when a volatility exchanged trade product blew up and got dismantled and marked that cyclical peak in the VIX, the recent near collapse of USO and shuttering of another oil related levered exchange traded product serve as the anecdotes that likely mark the low in oil prices. True, negative WTI futures prices are no longer taboo and the CME prepared for them by reprograming its systems to handle negative futures prices, thus they can happen again. With regard to the significance of anecdotes in market tops and bottoms, another interesting one that comes to mind is from our early days at BCA in May of 2008 where we worked for the Global Investment Strategy team as a senior analyst. Back then, we vividly remember a Goldman Sachs analyst slapping a $150/bbl target on crude oil,3 and only days later in unprecedented hubris Gazprom’s CEO upped the ante with an apocalyptic $250/bbl prediction.4 This prompted us to create our first mania chart at BCA with crude oil prices on June 20, 2008 (please see chart 16 from that report available here5), which proved timely as oil prices peaked less than a month later at $147/bbl. Today, we are compelled to perform the opposite exercise and run a regression of previous equity sector market crashes on the S&P oil & gas exploration & production index (E&P, that most closely resembles WTI crude oil prices) in order to gauge a recovery profile. Chart 5 suggests that if the anecdotes are accurate in calling the trough in oil prices, then E&P stocks should enjoy a steep price appreciation trajectory in the coming two years. Beyond the overweights we continue to hold in the S&P energy sector and all the subgroups we cover, we believe that there is an exploitable trading opportunity to go long S&P E&P/short global gold miners (Chart 6). Chart 5Heed The US Equity Strategy’s Crash Index Message Heed The US Equity Strategy’s Crash Index Message Heed The US Equity Strategy’s Crash Index Message This high-octane trade is extremely volatile, but the recent carnage in the oil markets offers a great entry point for investors that can stomach heightened volatility, with an enticing risk/reward tradeoff. The gold/oil ratio (GOR) is trading at 112 as we went to press and we think that it will have to settle down. The Fed is doing its utmost to dampen volatility, and historically, suppressed volatility has been synonymous with a falling GOR (Chart 7). As a result, our pair trade will have to at least climb back to its recent breakdown point, representing a near 34% return (top panel, Chart 6). Chart 6Buy E&P Stocks At The Expense Of Gold Miners Buy E&P Stocks At The Expense Of Gold Miners Buy E&P Stocks At The Expense Of Gold Miners From a macro perspective the time to buy oil equities at the expense of gold miners is when there is a handoff from liquidity to growth (bottom panel, Chart 6). While we are still in the liquidity injection phase we deem the Fed and other Central Banks (CB) are committed to do “whatever it takes” to sustain the proper functioning of the markets. Therefore, at some point likely in the back half of the year when the economy slowly reopens, all these CB programs will bear fruit and growth will recover violently (middle panel, Chart 6), especially given our long-held view that the US will avoid a Great Depression. Chart 7VIX Says Sell The GOR VIX Says Sell The GOR VIX Says Sell The GOR With regard to balancing the oil market, nothing like price to change behavior. In more detail, the recent collapse in oil prices will work like magic to bring some semblance of normality back to the crude oil market, as it will naturally cause a shut in of production; there is no doubt about it. Not only has the supply response commenced, but it is also accelerating to the downside as the plunging rig count depicts (Chart 8). This will lead to some longer-term bullish oil price ramifications. As a reminder, while demand drives prices in the short-term, supply dictates the oil price direction in the long-term. Chart 8Oil Price Collapse Induced Supply Response Oil Price Collapse Induced Supply Response Oil Price Collapse Induced Supply Response Turning over to gold and gold miners, all this liquidity is forcing investors to chase bullion and related equities higher. Tack on that every CB the world over is trying to debase their currency, and factors are falling into place for sustainable flows into gold and gold mining equities. However, there are high odds that all this money sloshing around will eventually generate growth especially in the western hemisphere that is slowly contemplating of restarting its economic engines. As a result, real yields will rise which in turn is negative for gold and gold miners (Chart 9). Finally, relative valuations and technicals could not be more depressed, which is contrarily positive (Chart 10). Chart 9Liquidity To Growth Handoff Beneficiary Liquidity To Growth Handoff Beneficiary Liquidity To Growth Handoff Beneficiary Netting it all out, the oil price collapse is eliciting a massive supply response that should help rebalance the oil markets, and coupled with glimmers of hope on reopening the economy, it should put a floor under oil prices. CB are injecting unprecedented amounts of liquidity in the markets and at some point this will lead to a growth revival which is negative for gold prices. Taken together, and given all-time lows in relative valuations and technicals, we are compelled to go long US oil & gas exploration & production equities at the expense of global gold miners. Chart 10As Bad As It Gets As Bad As It Gets As Bad As It Gets Bottom Line: Initiate a long US oil & gas exploration & production/short global gold miners pair trade today. The ticker symbols for the stocks in these indexes are: BLBG: BLBG: S5OILP – COP, EOG, HES, COG, MRO, NBL, CXO, APA, PXD, DVN, FANG, (or XOP:US exchange traded fund) and GDX:US exchange traded fund, respectively. Put HMOs On Downgrade Alert We upgraded the S&P managed health care index last April, the Monday after Bernie Sanders re-introduced his “Medicare For All” bill.6 Our thesis was that the drubbing in this sector was a massive overreaction and we, along with our Geopolitical Strategists, thought that he would have low chances of clinching the Democratic Presidential candidacy and threatening to render HMOs obsolete. A year later, this thesis has panned out and the S&P managed care index is up 30% versus the S&P 500. Nevertheless we do not want to overstay our welcome and are putting it on our downgrade watch list and instituting a 5% rolling stop in order to protect gains in our portfolio (top panel, Chart 11). Relative share prices have broken out to fresh all-time highs, not only courtesy of a more moderate Democratic Presidential candidate, but also because a significant boost to margins and profits is looming. The delayed effect of fewer elective procedures (i.e. hip and knee replacements and even non-life threatening bypass surgeries) owing to the coronavirus pandemic will result in a sizable, yet temporary, margin expansion phase (second panel, Chart 11). Tack on, still roughly 20% health care insurance CPI and the outlook for HMO margins and profits further improves (bottom panel, Chart 11). Nevertheless, there are some negative offsets. Over the past 5 weeks unemployment insurance claims have soared to 26.5mn, erasing all the employment gains of the past decade, thus private insurance enrollment will take a sizable hit (top panel, Chart 12). Chart 11The Good… The Good… The Good… Chart 12…And The Bad …And The Bad …And The Bad Moreover on the income side, the premia that HMOs take in are typically invested in the risk free asset and given the two month fall from 1.5% to around 0.6% in the 10-year Treasury yield, managed health care earnings will also, at the margin, suffer a setback (bottom panel, Chart 12). True, the HMOs earnings juggernaut has been one of a kind over the past decade underpinning relative share prices (top panel, Chart 13). However, we reckon a lot of the good news and very little if any of the bad news is priced in extremely optimistic relative profit expectation going out five years (middle panel, Chart 13). Keep in mind that the bulk of the M&A activity is behind this industry as the dust has now settled from the previous two year frenzied pace of inter and intra industry combinations (top panel, Chart 14). Chart 13Lots Of Good News Is Already Priced In Lots Of Good News Is Already Priced In Lots Of Good News Is Already Priced In Chart 14Preparing Not To Overstay Our Welcome Preparing Not To Overstay Our Welcome Preparing Not To Overstay Our Welcome Finally, relative technicals are in overbought territory close to one standard deviation above the historical mean and relative valuations are also becoming a tad too lofty for our liking (middle & bottom panel, Chart 14). Adding it all up, we are putting the S&P managed health care index on downgrade alert to reflect the risk that rising unemployment poses to health care enrollment. Falling interest rates also weigh on industry profitability at a time when relative valuations are perky and technicals are overbought. Bottom Line: Stay overweight the S&P managed health care index, but it is now on our downgrade watch list. We are also instituting a rolling 5% stop as a portfolio management tool in order to protect profits. Stay tuned. The ticker symbols for the stocks in this index are: BLBG: S5MANH-UNH, ANTM, HUM, CNC.   Anastasios Avgeriou US Equity Strategist anastasios@bcaresearch.com     Footnotes 1     Please see BCA US Equity Strategy Weekly Report, “What Is Priced In?” dated March 30, 2020, available at uses.bcaresearch.com. 2     https://www.icastpro.ca/events/bca/2020/04/06/us-equity-market-what-the-future-holds/play/16925 3    https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/21/business/21oil.html 4    https://www.reuters.com/article/gazprom-ceo/russias-gazprom-sees-higher-gas-prices-ceo-idUSL1148506420080611 5    Please see BCA Global Investment Strategy Weekly Report, “Strategy Outlook - PART 1 - Third Quarter 2008” dated June 20, 2008, available at gis.bcaresearch.com. 6    Please see BCA US Equity Strategy Weekly Report, “Show Me The Profits” dated April 15, 2019, available at uses.bcaresearch.com.   Current Recommendations Current Trades Strategic (10-Year) Trade Recommendations Gauging Fair Value Gauging Fair Value Size And Style Views June 3, 2019 Stay neutral cyclicals over defensives (downgrade alert)  January 22, 2018 Favor value over growth May 10, 2018 Favor large over small caps (Stop 10%) June 11, 2018 Long the BCA Millennial basket  The ticker symbols are: (AAPL, AMZN, UBER, HD, LEN, MSFT, NFLX, SPOT, TSLA, V).

The Sixth Big Theme For The 2020s The Sixth Big Theme For The 2020s Structural Underweight Our sixth big theme for the 2020s is a sustained deceleration of Chinese real GDP growth to a range of 4% to 2%. While this will not happen overnight, the implication is that steadily lower real GDP growth coupled with higher consumption expenditures at the expense of gross fixed capital formation will reduce Chinese appetite for commodities. At the margin, this change in consumption behavior will have knock on effects on the broad basic resources sector in general and the S&P 1500 metals & mining index in particular. Were this Chinese backdrop to pan out in the coming decade as we expect, it would sustain the relative underperformance of metals & mining equities (see chart). Bottom Line: There are high odds that China’s real GDP deceleration will continue for another decade, casting a shadow over the profit prospects of the S&P 1500 metals & mining index. A structural below benchmark allocation is warranted. The ticker symbols for the stocks in this index are: BLBG S15METL – NEM, FCX, NUE, RS, RGLD, STLD, CMC, ATI, CRS, CLF, CMP, X, KALU, WOR, MTRN, HCC, AKS, SXC, HAYN, CENX, TMST, ZEUS.

Highlights Portfolio Strategy There are high odds that China’s real GDP deceleration will continue for the next decade, casting a shadow over the profit prospects of the S&P 1500 metals & mining index. A structural below benchmark allocation is warranted. Rising total mutual fund assets under management, improved trading revenue prospects, rising investor confidence along with a revival in IPO and M&A activity, all signal that it still pays to be overweight the S&P capital markets index. Recent Changes There are no changes in our portfolio this week. Table 1 When The Music Stops... When The Music Stops... Feature “When the music stops, in terms of liquidity, things will be complicated. But as long as the music is playing, you’ve got to get up and dance. We’re still dancing.” - Charles Owen "Chuck" Prince III (ex-CEO of Citigroup) The SPX remains near all time highs and the invincible tech sector continues to lead the pack. Two weeks ago we showed that the market capitalization concentration of the top five stocks in the S&P 500 surpassed the late-1990s parallel (Chart 1), and Table 2 shows that late in the cycle a handful of stocks explain a sizable part of the broad market’s return.1 However, in terms of valuation overshoot the current forward P/E of these top five stocks is roughly half the late-1990s parabolic episode (Chart 2). Chart 1Vertigo Warning Vertigo Warning Vertigo Warning Chart 2Unlike The Late-1990s Unlike The Late-1990s Unlike The Late-1990s While the overall market does not fully resemble the excesses of the dot.com bubble era, at least not yet, there are elements that are eerily reminiscent of the late-1990s. Table 2Contribution To Late Cycle Rallies In The SPX When The Music Stops... When The Music Stops... Chart 3Correlation Breakdown Correlation Breakdown Correlation Breakdown Contrary to popular belief, during manias historical correlations break down and the forward multiple becomes positively correlated with the discount rate. So in the late 1990s, the fed funds rate and the 10-year yield jumped 200bps in a short time span and the SPX forward P/E soared 40% from roughly 18x to 25x (Chart 3) before collapsing to 14x soon thereafter. Simultaneously, the US dollar was roaring as real interest rates were 4%, but the NASDAQ 100 outperformed the emerging markets, another break in historical correlations. As Chuck Prince mused in 2007, there is a narrative in the equity market today that, “as long as the music is playing, you’ve got to get up and dance”. While the overall market does not fully resemble the excesses of the dot.com bubble era, at least not yet, there are elements that are eerily reminiscent of the late-1990s. We filtered for large cap stocks that are at all-time highs and have increased in value at a minimum 10x since 2010. Among the stocks that met these criteria, five really stand out, Apple, Tesla, Lam Research, Amd & Salesforce, and comprise our “ATLAS” index; the mania in these stocks will likely end in tears (Chart 4). Even their forward P/E ratio has gone exponential, hitting a 60 handle last year similar to top five SPX stocks in the late-1990s. Chart 4ATLAS: Holding The World On His Shoulders ATLAS: Holding The World On His Shoulders ATLAS: Holding The World On His Shoulders Currently, SPX profits are barely growing and the sole reason equities are higher is the massive injection of liquidity via the drubbing in interest rates and the restart of QE. From peak-to-trough the 10-year yield fell 175bps in nine months, and the Fed commenced expanding its balance sheet by $60bn/month since last September; yet profits have barely budged. Ultimately, profits have to show up and the news on this front remains grim. The current non-inflationary trend-growth backdrop is a “goldilocks” scenario especially for tech stocks that thrive during disinflationary periods. While stocks can go higher defying weak EPS fundamentals as they have yet to reach a fully euphoric state according to our Complacency-Anxiety Indicator (Chart 5), a sell-off in the bond market will likely cause some consternation in equities in general and tech stocks in particular similar to early- and late-2018. Chart 5Not Max Complacent Yet Not Max Complacent Yet Not Max Complacent Yet Other catalysts that can suddenly cause “the music to stop” are either the recent coronavirus becoming an epidemic or a geopolitical event that would result in a risk off backdrop. Ultimately, profits have to show up and the news on this front remains grim. Our mid-January “Three EPS Scenarios” analysis still suggests that the SPX is 9% overvalued.2 This week we are updating our capital markets view and adding a sixth long-term theme and a related investment implication to our mid-December 2019, Special Report titled, “Top US Sector Investment Ideas For The Next Decade”.3 Sixth Big Theme For The Decade And Investment Implications China’s ascendancy on the world scene was a mega driver of equity markets in the 2000s following its inclusion in the WTO. The commodity super-cycle captured investors’ imaginations and China’s insatiable appetite for commodities caused a massive bubble in the commodity complex in general and commodity-related equities in particular. Nevertheless, the Great Recession posed a severe threat to China and the authorities injected an extraordinary amount of stimulus into the economy (15% of GDP over two years). This succeeded in doubling real GDP growth, but only temporarily. The unintended consequence was an enormous debt binge fueled by cheap money. Moreover, this debt burden along with falling labor force growth and productivity forced the government to re-think its policies as they caused a steady down drift in real output growth. The sixth big theme for the 2020s is a sustained deceleration of Chinese real GDP growth to a range of 4% to 2% (Chart 6). Not only is the debt overhang weighing on real output growth, but Chinese leaders are adamant about transitioning the economy to developed market status, which is synonymous with higher consumption expenditures at the expense of gross fixed capital formation. Chart 6From Boom… From Boom… From Boom… Chart 7…To Bust …To Bust …To Bust In other words, China remains committed to weaning its economy off of investment and reconfiguring it toward consumption (Chart 7). This is a strategic plan but it is possible that the Chinese economy can achieve this transition in due time. While this will not happen overnight, the implication is steadily lower real GDP growth as is common among large, mature, developed market economies. China will remain one of the top commodity consumers in the world, as urbanization is ongoing, but the intensity of commodity consumption will continue to decelerate (Chart 8). At the margin, this change in consumption behavior will have knock on effects on the broad basic resources sector in general and the S&P 1500 metals & mining index in particular. Were this Chinese backdrop to pan out in the coming decade as we expect, it would sustain the relative underperformance of metals & mining equities as Chart 6 & 7 depict. Chart 8Commodity Consumption Deceleration Will… Commodity Consumption Deceleration Will… Commodity Consumption Deceleration Will… Chart 9…Continue To Weigh On Metals & Mining Profits …Continue To Weigh On Metals & Mining Profits …Continue To Weigh On Metals & Mining Profits Importantly, these commodity producers will have to adjust their still bloated cost structures to lower run rates which is de facto negative both for relative sales and profit growth (Chart 9). Tack on the large negative footprint mining extraction has on the environment, and if ESG investing (our fifth big theme for the decade4) also takes off, investors should avoid the S&P 1500 metals & mining index on a secular basis. Bottom Line: There are high odds that China’s real GDP deceleration will continue for the next decade, casting a shadow over the profit prospects of the S&P 1500 metals & mining index. A structural below benchmark allocation is warranted. The ticker symbols for the stocks in this index are: BLBG S15METL – NEM, FCX, NUE, RS, RGLD, STLD, CMC, ATI, CRS, CLF, CMP, X, KALU, WOR, MTRN, HCC, AKS, SXC, HAYN, CENX, TMST, ZEUS. Capital Markets Update Capital markets stocks have come out of hibernation recently and are on the cusp of breaking out – in a bullish fashion – of their 18-month trading range. A number of the indicators we track signal that an earnings-led outperformance period is in the cards for this financials sub-group and we reiterate our overweight stance. Sloshing liquidity has pushed investors out the risk spectrum and high yield bond option adjusted spreads are flirting with multi-year lows. Such a tame junk bond market backdrop coupled with easy financial conditions are conducive to rising M&A activity (Chart 10). Importantly, the Fed’s Senior Loan Officer Survey paints an improving profit backdrop for investment banks. Not only are bankers willing extenders of credit, but demand for credit for the majority of loan categories that the Fed tracks is squarely in positive territory (top panel, Chart 11). Chart 10Subsiding Risks Are A Boon To Capital Markets Subsiding Risks Are A Boon To Capital Markets Subsiding Risks Are A Boon To Capital Markets Chart 11Positive Profit Catalysts Positive Profit Catalysts Positive Profit Catalysts This is likely a consequence of last year’s drubbing in the price of credit. M&A activity usually goes hand in hand with loan growth, underscoring that business combinations are on track to accelerate (third panel, Chart 10). This will revive a lucrative business line for capital markets firms. Total mutual fund assets are expanding at a brisk rate and hitting fresh all-time highs, signaling an uptick in risk appetite (third panel, Chart 11). Rising investor confidence will facilitate both new and secondary share issuance, an important source of fee generation for capital markets firms. Moreover, equity trading volumes have sprang back to life in recent weeks underscoring that the recent impressive Q4 earnings results will likely continue into Q1/2020 (bottom panel, Chart 10). Meanwhile, the three Fed rate cuts last year should work through the economy and at least stem further losses in the ISM manufacturing survey. The US/China trade détente will also lead to a stabilization in global growth. In fact, the V-shaped recovery in the global ZEW survey suggests that capital markets profits will likely outpace the broad market this year (second & bottom panels, Chart 11). Finally, the recent surge in the stock-to-bond ratio reflects a massive psychological shift, from last year’s recessionary fears to growing investor confidence that tail risks are abating (Chart 12). Still depressed valuations neither reflect the firming capital markets profit outlook nor the rising industry ROE (bottom panel, Chart 12). Adding it all up, accelerating total mutual fund assets under management, improved trading revenue prospects, rising investor confidence and a revival in IPO and M&A activity, all signal that it still pays to be overweight the S&P capital markets index.  Bottom Line: Stay overweight the S&P capital markets index. The ticker symbols for the stocks in this index are: BLBG S5CAPM – GS, CME, SPGI, MS, BLK, SCHW, ICE, MCO, BK, TROW, STT, MSCI, NTRS, AMP, MKTX, CBOE, NDAQ, RJF, ETFC, BEN, IVZ. Chart 12Valuation Re-Rating Looms Valuation Re-Rating Looms Valuation Re-Rating Looms     Anastasios Avgeriou US Equity Strategist anastasios@bcaresearch.com     1     Please see BCA US Equity Strategy Weekly Report, “Three EPS Scenarios” dated January 13, 2020, available at uses.bcaresearch.com. 2     Ibid. 3     Please see BCA US Equity Strategy Special Report, “Top US Sector Investment Ideas For the Next Decade” dated December 16, 2019, available at uses.bcaresearch.com. 4     Ibid.   Current Recommendations Current Trades Size And Style Views Stay neutral cyclicals over defensives (downgrade alert) Favor value over growth Favor large over small caps (Stop 10%)

Highlights Portfolio Strategy Gold bullion is on the move again, and falling real yields, a soft economic backdrop, a depreciating US dollar and resurgent geopolitical uncertainty, all argue for reintroducing a modest portfolio hedge by overweighting the global gold mining index. Washed out technicals, depressed valuations, the turn in our EPS growth model, rising industry capex and bottoming EM-related financial market data, all signal that it no longer pays to be bearish materials stocks. Augment exposure to neutral. Recent Changes Boost global gold miners to overweight via the long GDX/short ACWI exchange traded funds, today. Book gains and lift the S&P materials sector to neutral, today.  Table 1Sector Performance Returns (%) Three EPS Scenarios Three EPS Scenarios Feature “There is nothing so disturbing to one's well-being and judgment as to see a friend get rich.” - Charles P. Kindleberger “The bubble involves the purchase of an asset, usually real estate or a security, not because of the rate of return on the investment but in anticipation that the asset or security can be sold to someone else at an even higher price; the term the ‘greater fool’ has been used to suggest the last buyer was always counting on finding someone else to whom the stock or the condo apartment or the baseball cards could be sold.”  - Charles P. Kindleberger Equities broke out to fresh all-time highs in the second week of the year, shrugging off the flare up in geopolitical risk. It seems that nothing can derail this juggernaut and the following narrative is now prevalent: Bad news is actually good for equities because the Fed will step in and do more QE and cut interest rates anew. Good news is great because the Fed will not hike interest rates as the economy is chugging along. No news is good news as money has to flow somewhere and equities are the default answer. Kindleberger’s quotes above are instructive.      To put the recent advance in perspective, the SPX is up 425 points uninterruptedly since early October – when the Fed commenced ramping up its Treasury purchases – and it is, at a minimum, headed for a much needed breather. Contrary to popular belief, a handful of tech stocks explain this recent meteoric rise rather than a broad-based advance (Chart 1). Currently, the top five stocks in the S&P 500 (AAPL, MSFT, GOOGL, AMZN & FB) comprise over 18% of its market cap, even higher than the late-1999/early-2000 concentration (top panel, Chart 1). On January 9, 2020, AAPL’s $30bn one day market cap increase was larger than the bottom 300 stocks’ market cap in the S&P 500 and is another anecdote that drives this return concentration point home.   Chart 1Teflon Tech Stocks Teflon Tech Stocks Teflon Tech Stocks   As a reminder, we are neutral the broad tech sector and overweight the largest subgroup, the S&P software index, thus participating in this euphoric rise in stocks that has been defying earnings fundamentals. Granted, such phenomena are prevalent late cycle. While this can go on for a bit longer, it is clearly unsustainable and represents a big risk especially given the proliferation of passive funds. Tack on rising geopolitical risks and the odds of a sharp drawdown increase significantly. Before we proceed to our SPX EPS analysis, however, it is worth noting some disappointing economic data. The decade low in the ISM manufacturing, the deceleration in non-farm payroll growth, the grinding higher in the 4-week average of unemployment insurance claims, the contraction in C&I loans, the sustained pessimism in CEO confidence and the down hook in average hourly earnings all warn that macro headwinds abound despite the looming signing of the “phase one” US/China trade deal (Chart 2). All of the rise in the SPX last year was due to multiple expansion. Now, in order for the SPX to continue rallying, profits will have to do the heavy lifting. However, our analysis shows that the market is fully priced and earnings will have to hit escape velocity in order for equities to grow into their pricey valuations (Chart 3). Chart 2Underwhelming Underwhelming Underwhelming Chart 3Lofty Valuations Lofty Valuations Lofty Valuations Currently, our SPX EPS growth model has no pulse. This four-factor macro model is regression based (out of sample since January 2014) and continues to forecast a contraction into mid-year (Chart 4). Chart 4No EPS Pulse No EPS Pulse No EPS Pulse Table 2 summarizes three EPS scenarios analysis, along with a forward P/E multiple and SPX forecast. Table 2Three Scenarios Three EPS Scenarios Three EPS Scenarios This week we are re-instituting a small portfolio hedge, which lifts a niche deep cyclical sector to neutral from previously underweight. Step 1: We plugged into the model our base, worse and best case estimates of these four variables into mid-year, and we got as output the model’s estimate of EPS growth for end-2020 with a range of -1% to 10% (one important assumption is that the historical correlation of the movement of these variables holds steady). Step 2: Then, we applied these growth rates to the IBES 2019 EPS forecast of $162/share and arrived at our end-2020 three scenarios EPS level estimates with a range of $160/share to $178/share. Step 3: We then assigned probabilities to those three outcomes resulting in an EPS forecast of $169/share. Step 4: In order to get an SPX expected value we needed to assign a forward P/E multiple to our EPS estimate. Thus, we introduced our base, worse and best case forward P/Es (with an equal probability of occurrence) and multiplied them with our $169/share weighted EPS forecast in order to arrive at the SPX 3,049 expected value for end-2020 (please refer to the Appendix below for additional details of our analysis and click here if you would like to request the excel file and insert your own estimates and probabilities). Chart 5 depicts the results of our analysis. Chart 5Projections Projections Projections Currently, sell-side analysts expect 10% profit growth in calendar 2020, a tall order in our view, and the SPX appears 8% overvalued according to our analysis. However, a potential break in historical correlations where the ISM recovers, the bond market sells off fearing an inflationary spurt pushing interest rates higher yet P/E multiples continue to expand indiscriminately, could sustain the melt-up phase in stocks in general and mega cap tech stocks in particular. While the macro data cannot fall indefinitely and a natural trough will occur sometime in the first half of the year, we doubt that a V-shaped recovery is imminent. Our base case is a stabilization of macro data equating to roughly 5% EPS growth for this year as noted above, with risks clearly titled to the downside. Under such a backdrop, perceptive equities will have to, at least, mildly deflate to this EPS reality. This week we are re-instituting a small portfolio hedge, which lifts a niche deep cyclical sector to neutral from previously underweight. In Gold We Trust While the SPX has been on an impressive run, it has failed to outshine gold bullion that has been on a tear lately. The bottom panel of Chart 6 shows that gold could be sniffing out a couple of Fed interest rate cuts, warning that the economic backdrop remains frail. This gold move is compelling us to reintroduce a modest portfolio hedge and today we recommend augmenting exposure to global gold miners to overweight. Chart 6What Is Gold Sniffing Out? What Is Gold Sniffing Out? What Is Gold Sniffing Out? Global gold miners have a lot going for them. Rising global policy uncertainty plays to their strength as investors seek the refuge of safe haven assets especially when geopolitical risks flare up (top panel, Chart 7). If our FX strategists hit the bull’s eye and the greenback loses steam this year,1 then gold related equities should outperform given the inverse correlation most commodities, including bullion, enjoy with the US dollar (bottom panel, Chart 7). Chart 7Solid Backdrop Solid Backdrop Solid Backdrop Importantly, real US bond yields have taken a beating recently underpinning gold prices and gold mining equities. This is significant, as bullion yields nothing and gold miners next to nothing so from an opportunity cost perspective it pays to hold a zero yielding asset when competing yields fall and vice versa (second panel, Chart 7). Worrisomely, this fall in real US yields is de facto pushing global real yields lower, which might indicate that investors worry that the global economy has more downside. In fact, economists’ estimates for GDP growth (as compiled by Bloomberg, third panel, Chart 7) continue to decelerate globally, and they forecast below-trend real output growth in the US for 2020. Global manufacturing also reflects this soft economic backdrop. While the global manufacturing PMI is trying to trough – it ticked down last month and is just a hair above the boom/bust line – both its momentum and diffusion are weak, heralding a catch up phase in global gold miners (PMI momentum shown inverted, Chart 8). Chart 8Global Economy Not Out Of The Woods Yet Global Economy Not Out Of The Woods Yet Global Economy Not Out Of The Woods Yet Boost global gold miners to an above benchmark allocation via the long GDX/short ACWI exchange traded funds. From a gold positioning perspective, on all three fronts we monitor (gold ETF holdings, gold net speculative positions and bullish consensus on gold) we see green lights (Chart 9). Even global gold miners’ extremely overbought positions have now been worked out according to our Technical Indicator (TI). Following the parabolic bull run from May to September last year, our TI is now drifting to the neutral zone. Relative valuations have also corrected offering investors a compelling entry point (Chart 10). Chart 9Enticing Sentiment Enticing Sentiment Enticing Sentiment Chart 10Compelling Entry Levels Compelling Entry Levels Compelling Entry Levels In sum, gold bullion is on the move again and falling real yields, a soft economic backdrop, a depreciating US dollar and resurgent geopolitical uncertainty, all argue for reintroducing a modest portfolio hedge by overweighting the global gold mining index. Bottom Line: Boost global gold miners to an above benchmark allocation via the long GDX/short ACWI exchange traded funds. Lift Materials To Neutral While materials stocks have broken down recently, our fresh gold miners overweight lifts the broad materials sector from previously underweight to currently neutral (Chart 11). Not only have relative share prices given way, but also breadth is weak as measured both by the percentage of groups with a positive year-over-year momentum and by the number of groups trading above their 40-week moving average (Chart 12). Moreover, relative valuations are downbeat (second panel, Chart 12), with relative P/S and P/B cratering. Chart 11Breakdown Breakdown Breakdown On the profit front, earnings breadth fell below neutral recently and net earnings revisions have collapsed. Wall Street analysts are even forecasting a dire relative revenue backdrop for the coming twelve months (Chart 13). Chart 12Washout Washout Washout Chart 13Extreme Pessimism Reigns Extreme Pessimism Reigns Extreme Pessimism Reigns While the sell-side has all but given up on this niche deep cyclical sector, we are going against the grain and posit that it no longer pays to be bearish materials stocks. First, our materials sector profit growth model has troughed and signals that a turnaround in EPS growth is underway and should gain steam this year (second panel, Chart 14). Keep in mind that this niche deep cyclical sector has borne the brunt of the Sino/American trade war and the recent de-escalation can serve as a catalyst for an earnings-led recovery (trade policy uncertainty shown inverted, Chart 11). Book relative gains of 5% since inception and lift the S&P materials sector to a benchmark allocation. Second, this industry is not at a standstill. Contrary to the overall economy, materials executives are investing in new projects as financial market reported materials sector capex clearly shows (third & bottom panels, Chart 14). These investments should bear fruit in coming quarters and translate into higher top line growth, something that is not at all discounted in bombed out relative sales growth expectations (bottom panel, Chart 13). Finally, there is tentative evidence that the EMs in general and China in particular are at least stabilizing. Not only are their manufacturing PMIs above the boom/bust line (not shown), but also financial market data suggest that the selling in materials stocks is nearing exhaustion. JP Morgan’s EM currency index is ticking higher, the CRB metals index is showing some signs of life and EM equities have been outperforming their global peers (Chart 15). Chart 14EPS Model Trough, Rising Capex…   EPS Model Trough, Rising Capex…   EPS Model Trough, Rising Capex…   Chart 15…And Firming Financial Market Data Signal It No Longer Pays To Be Bearish …And Firming Financial Market Data Signal It No Longer Pays To Be Bearish …And Firming Financial Market Data Signal It No Longer Pays To Be Bearish Netting it all out, washed out technicals, depressed valuations, the turn in our EPS growth model, rising industry capex and bottoming EM-related financial market data all signal that it no longer pays to be bearish materials stocks. Bottom Line: Book relative gains of 5% since inception and lift the S&P materials sector to a benchmark allocation.   Anastasios Avgeriou US Equity Strategist anastasios@bcaresearch.com       Appendix Appendix 1 Three EPS Scenarios Three EPS Scenarios Appendix 2 Three EPS Scenarios Three EPS Scenarios footnotes 1     Please see BCA Foreign Exchange Strategy Weekly Report, “On Oil, Growth And The Dollar” dated January 10, 2020, available at fes.bcaresearch.com.   Current Recommendations Current Trades Size And Style Views Stay neutral cyclicals over defensives (downgrade alert) Favor value over growth Favor large over small caps (Stop 10%)

Gold's Rise Is Stretched Gold's Rise Is Stretched Neutral Global gold stocks have gone parabolic over the past four months and are in desperate need of a breather (top panel).  Simultaneously, were President Mario Draghi to re-commence QE in the form of sovereign and corporate bond purchases as market participants expect, this would likely exert upward pressure on global interest rates including the U.S. (bottom panel), especially given the one-sided positioning in the respective global risk free assets. The implication is that the shiny metal and global gold miners would suffer a setback as real yields would rise. As a reminder, gold bullion yields nothing and gold mining equities next to nothing, thus when competing safe haven assets at the margin start yielding higher, investors flee gold and gold miners and flock to risk free assets. Bottom Line: Downgrade the global gond mining index to neutral and move to the sidelines. Please see Monday’s Weekly Report for additional details. ​​​​​​​

Highlights Portfolio Strategy The contracting manufacturing sector that rekindled recession fears, the harsh reality of the Sino-American trade war weighing on profits, downbeat business confidence and mushrooming capex slowdown signals all warn that investors should tread carefully in the historically difficult equity market months of September and October. It no longer pays to be overweight gold mining equities as sentiment is stretched, the restarting of global QE will likely reverse or at least halt the drubbing in global yields and the U.S. dollar inverse correlation should reassert itself and weigh on global gold miners. EM and China ills, deflating global producer pricing power, export blues and souring financial statement metrics underscore that materials stocks have ample downside. Recent Changes Trim the Global Gold Mining index to neutral, today. Downgrade the S&P Materials sector to underweight, today. Table 1 Extend And Pretend? Extend And Pretend? Feature Equities broke out of their trading range last week, but in order for this short-covering rally to become durable, and for volatility to subside, either global growth needs to turn the corner and alleviate recession fears or the trade war needs to de-escalate materially. On the recession front Central Banks (CBs) are doing their utmost to reflate their respective economies, but the early stages of looser monetary policy have been insufficient to change the global growth trajectory. With regard to the trade war, markets cheered the news that talks between the U.S. and China will resume in September and October. The dates for talks are conveniently chosen to follow the September FOMC meeting and the October 1 70th anniversary of the People's Republic of China. The latter date implies that Washington is considering delaying the October 1 tariff hike – and it could imply that Washington does not anticipate any violent suppression of Hong Kong protesters by that time. However, the harsh reality is that the two sides are just “kicking the can down the road”. The longer the Sino-American trade war takes to conclude, the more likely it will serve as a catalyst for a repricing of risk significantly lower (top panel, Chart 1). A technical correction may be necessary to force Trump to reduce the trade pressure significantly. Even if the October 1 tariff hike is postponed it will remain a source of uncertainty ahead of the final tariff tranche slated for December 15. The bond market may offer some clues as to the extent that the escalating trade war will eventually get reflected into stocks (bottom panel, Chart 1). The equity transmission mechanism is through the earnings avenue. Simply put, rising trade uncertainty deals a blow to global trade that boosts the U.S. dollar which in turn makes U.S. exports uncompetitive in global markets, deflates the commodity complex and with a lag weighs on SPX earnings. Chart 1Tracking Trade Uncertainty Tracking Trade Uncertainty Tracking Trade Uncertainty Speaking of the economically hypersensitive manufacturing sector, last week’s ISM release made for grim reading, further fueling recession fears (the New York Fed now pegs the recession probability just shy of 38% by next August). Not only did the overall survey fall below the boom/bust line (middle panel, Chart 2), but also new orders collapsed. In fact, the drubbing in new orders is worrying and it signals that the economy is going to get worse before it gets better (top panel, Chart 2). Tack on the simultaneous rise in inventories, and the sinking new orders-to-inventories ratio (not shown) warns of additional manufacturing ills in the coming months. Importantly, export orders suffered the steepest losses plunging to 43.3. The last three times that this trade-sensitive survey subcomponent was in such a steep freefall were in 1998, 2001 and 2008, when the SPX suffered peak-to-trough losses of 20%, 49% and 57%, respectively. In fact, since the history of the data, ISM manufacturing export orders have never been lower with the exception of the GFC (Chart 3). Such a retrenchment will either mark the bottom for equities or is a harbinger of a steep equity market correction. We side with the latter as the odds of President Trump striking a real trade deal (including tech) with China any time soon are low. Chart 2Like Night Follows Day Like Night Follows Day Like Night Follows Day Similar to the ISM manufacturing/non-manufacturing divergence (bottom panel, Chart 2), business confidence is trailing consumer conference by a wide mark. Historically this flaring chasm has been synonymous with a sizable loss of momentum in the broad equity market (Chart 4). One plausible explanation is that as business animal spirits suffer a setback, CEOs are quick to prune/postpone capex plans and, at the margin, corporations retrench and short-circuit the capex upcycle. Chart 3Export Carnage Export Carnage Export Carnage Chart 4Mind The Gap Mind The Gap Mind The Gap Circling back to last week’s capex update, national accounts corroborate the financial statement data deceleration, and in some cases contraction, in capital outlays (Chart 5). As a reminder our thesis is that the EPS-to-capex virtuous upcycle is morphing into a vicious down cycle.1 This week, we downgrade a deep cyclical sector by taking profits in a niche subgroup that has served as a reliable portfolio hedge. Crucially, tech investment, that comprises almost 30% of total investment according to national accounts, is decelerating, R&D and other intellectual property investment have also hooked down, non-residential structures are on the verge of contraction, and industrial, transportation and other equipment –that have the largest weight in U.S. capex – are also quickly losing steam (Chart 6). Chart 5Capex Blues Capex Blues Capex Blues Chart 6All Capex Segments… All Capex Segments… All Capex Segments… In more detail, Charts 7 & 8 further break down capital outlays in the respective categories and reveal that worrisomely the investment spending slowdown is broad based. Chart 7…Have Rolled Over… …Have Rolled Over… …Have Rolled Over… Chart 8…Except For One …Except For One …Except For One Adding it all up, the contracting manufacturing sector that rekindled recession fears, the harsh reality of the Sino-American trade war weighing on profits, downbeat business confidence and mushrooming capex slowdown signals all warn that investors should tread carefully in the historically difficult equity market months of September and October. As a reminder, this is U.S. Equity Strategy service’s view and it contrasts with BCA’s sanguine equity market house view. This week, we downgrade a deep cyclical sector by taking profits in a niche subgroup that has served as a reliable portfolio hedge. Downgrade Materials To Underweight… Heightened economic and trade policy uncertainty has claimed the S&P materials sector as one of its victims (Chart 9). Given that our Geopolitical Strategy service’s base case remains that there will be no Sino-American trade deal by the U.S. November 2020 election, there is more downside for materials stocks and we are downgrading this niche deep cyclical sector to a below benchmark allocation.2 Beyond the U.S./China trade war inflicted wounds that materials stocks have to nurse, there are four major headwinds that they will also have to contend with in the coming months. Chart 9Trade Uncertainty Sinking Materials Trade Uncertainty Sinking Materials Trade Uncertainty Sinking Materials First, the emerging markets (EM) in general and China in particular are in a prolonged soft patch that predates the Sino-American trade war. EM stocks and EM currencies are both deflating at an accelerating pace warning that relative share prices will suffer the same fate (Chart 10). Nothing epitomizes the infrastructure spending/capex cycle more than China’s insatiable appetite for commodities and the news on that front remains dire. The Li Keqiang index continues to emit a distress signal and that is negative for materials top line growth (bottom panel, Chart 10). Second, global inflation is in hibernation and select EM producer price inflation growth series are on the verge of contraction or already outright contracting. Chinese raw materials wholesale prices are in the deflation zone and warn that U.S. materials sector profits will underwhelm (Chart 11). Chart 10Bearish EM… Bearish EM… Bearish EM… Chart 11…And China Backdrops …And China Backdrops …And China Backdrops Base metal prices are a real time indicator of the wellness of the S&P materials sector. Currently, base metals are deflating both on the back of a firming U.S. dollar and contracting global manufacturing. Such a commodity price backdrop is dampening prospects for a profit-led materials sector relative share price recovery (top & middle panels, Chart 12). Third, the materials exports outlook is darkening. Apart from the deflating effect the appreciating U.S. dollar has on commodities it also clips basic materials companies’ exports prospects. How? It renders materials related exports uncompetitive in international markets leading to market share losses. Netting it all out, EM and China ills, deflating global producer pricing power, export blues and souring financial statement metrics underscore that materials stocks have ample downside. Chart 12Weak Pricing Power And Declining Exports Weak Pricing Power And Declining Exports Weak Pricing Power And Declining Exports In addition, the latest ISM export order subcomponent plunged to multi-year lows reflecting trade war pessimism and falling global end-demand. The implication is that the export relief valve is closed for materials equities (bottom panel, Chart 12). Finally, materials sector financial statement metrics are moving in the wrong direction. Net debt-to-EBITDA is rising anew and interest coverage has likely peaked for the cycle at a time when free cash flow generation has ground to a halt (Chart 13). U.S. Equity Strategy’s S&P materials sector profit growth model encapsulates all these moving parts and warns that a severe profit contraction phase looms (Chart 14). Chart 13Financial Statement Red Flags Financial Statement Red Flags Financial Statement Red Flags Chart 14Model Says Sell Model Says Sell Model Says Sell Netting it all out, EM and China ills, deflating global producer pricing power, export blues and souring financial statement metrics underscore that materials stocks have ample downside. Bottom Line: The time is ripe to downgrade the S&P materials sector to underweight. …Via Trimming Gold Miners To Neutral The way we are executing this downgrade in the materials sector to an underweight stance is by trimming the global gold mining index to a benchmark allocation. Our thesis that gold stocks serve as a sound portfolio hedge remains intact and underpinned when: economic and trade policy uncertainty are on the rise (top panel, Chart 15) global CBs start cutting interest rates and in some cases doubling down on negative interest rates currency wars are overheating Nevertheless, what has changed is the price, and we deem that global gold miners that have gone parabolic are in desperate need of a breather. The top panel of Chart 16 shows that gold stocks have rallied 58% since the May 5, 2019 Trump tweet. This outsized four-month relative return is remarkable and likely almost fully reflects a very dovish Fed and melting real U.S. Treasury yields (TIPS yield shown inverted, bottom panel, Chart 15). A much needed pause for breath is required before the next leg of the relative rally resumes, and we opt to move to the sidelines. Chart 15Positive Backdrop… Positive Backdrop… Positive Backdrop… Chart 16…But Reflected In Prices …But Reflected In Prices …But Reflected In Prices Moreover, on the eve of the ECB’s September meeting, were President Mario Draghi to re-commence QE in the form of sovereign and corporate bond purchases as markets participants expect, counterintuitively a selloff in the bond markets would confirm that QE and its signaling is working (bottom panel, Chart 16). Ergo, this would likely exert upward pressure on global interest rates including the U.S., especially given the one-sided positioning in the respective global risk free assets. The implication is that the shiny metal and global gold miners would suffer a setback as real yields would rise further. As a reminder, gold bullion yields nothing and gold mining equities next to nothing, thus when competing safe haven assets at the margin start yielding higher, investors flee gold and gold miners and flock to risk free assets. Sentiment toward gold and global gold miners is stretched. Gold ETF holdings are at multi-year highs (second panel, Chart 17) and gold net speculative positions are at a level that has marked previous reversals. In addition, bullish consensus on gold is near 72%, a percentage last reached in 2012 (third & bottom panels, Chart 17). Similarly, relative share price momentum is also warning that global gold mining equities are currently extended (bottom panel, Chart 18). Chart 17Extreme… Extreme… Extreme… Chart 18…Sentiment …Sentiment …Sentiment Finally, while the bond market’s view of 100bps in Fed cuts in the next 12 months should have undermined the trade-weighted U.S. dollar, it has actually defied gravity and slingshot to fresh cycle highs. This is a net negative both for gold and gold mining equities as the underlying commodity is priced in U.S. dollars and enjoys an inverse correlation with the greenback. The implication is that the multi-decade inverse correlation will hold and will likely pull down gold and gold mining equities at least in the short-run (U.S. dollar shown inverted, Chart 19). In sum, the exponential rise in global gold miners is in need of a breather. Sentiment is stretched, the restating of global QE will likely reverse or at least halt the drubbing in global yields and the U.S. dollar inverse correlation should reassert itself and weigh on relative share prices Chart 19Gold Miners/Dollar Correlation Re-establishment Risk Gold Miners/Dollar Correlation Re-establishment Risk Gold Miners/Dollar Correlation Re-establishment Risk Bottom Line: Downgrade the global gold mining index to neutral, but stay tuned.   Anastasios Avgeriou, U.S. Equity Strategist anastasios@bcaresearch.com Footnotes 1      Please see U.S. Equity Strategy Weekly Report, “Capex Blues” dated September 3, 2019, available at uses.bcaresearch.com 2      Please see The Bank Credit Analyst Special Report, “Big Trouble In Greater China” dated August 29 , 2019, available at bca.bcaresearch.com Current Recommendations Current Trades Size And Style Views Stay neutral cyclicals over defensives   (downgrade alert) Favor value over growth Favor large over small caps

Highlights Portfolio Strategy Recession odds continue to tick higher, according to the NY Fed’s probability of recession model, at a time when global growth is waning, U.S. profit growth is contracting and the non-financial ex-tech corporate balance sheet is degrading rapidly. On a cyclical 3-12 month time horizon we remain cautious on the broad equity market. This is U.S. Equity Strategy’s view, which stands in contrast to the more sanguine equity BCA House View. The souring macro backdrop coupled with a firming industry demand outlook signal that more gains are in store for hypermarket stocks. The global growth slowdown, declining real bond yields, missing inflation, rising policy uncertainty and a favorable relative demand backdrop suggest that there is an exploitable tactical trading opportunity in a long global gold miners/short S&P oil & gas E&P pair trade. Recent Changes Upgrade the S&P hypermarkets index to overweight, today. Initiate a long global gold miners/short S&P oil & gas exploration & production (E&P) pair trade, today Table 1 Divorced From Reality Divorced From Reality Feature Obsession with the Fed easing continues to trump all else, with the SPX piercing through the 3,000 mark to fresh all-time highs last week. However, it is unrealistic for the Fed to do all the heavy lifting for the equity market as we have argued recently (see Chart 3 from June 24),1 at a time when profit cracks are spreading rapidly. This should be cause for some trepidation. Since the Christmas Eve lows essentially all of the 26% return in equities is explained by valuation expansion. The forward P/E has recovered from 13.5 to nearly 17.2 (Chart 1). There is limited scope for further expansion as four interest rate cuts in the coming 12 months are already priced in lofty valuations. Now profits will have to do the heavy lifting. But on the eve of earnings season, more than half of the S&P 500 GICS1 sectors are forecast to have contracted profits last quarter, and three sectors could not lift revenue versus year ago comps, according to I/B/E/S data. Looking further out, there is a plethora of indicators that we highlighted last week that suggest that a profit recession is looming.2 Our sense is that once the euphoria around the looming Fed easing cycle settles, there will be a massive clash between perception and reality (Chart 2) that will likely propagate as a surge in volatility. Chart 1Multiple Expansion Explains All Of The SPX’s Return Multiple Expansion Explains All Of The SPX’s Return Multiple Expansion Explains All Of The SPX’s Return Chart 2Unsustainable Divergence Unsustainable Divergence Unsustainable Divergence This addiction to low rates has come at a great cost to the non-financial corporate sector. As a reminder, this segment of the economy is where the excesses are in the current cycle as we have been highlighting in recent research.3 Using stock market related data for the non-financial ex-tech universe, net debt has increased by 70% to $4.2tn over the past five years, but cash flow has only grown 18% to $1.7tn. As a result, net debt-to-EBITDA has spiked from 1.7 to 2.5, an all-time high (Chart 3). While stocks are at all-time highs (top panel, Chart 3), the debt-saddled non-financials ex-tech universe will likely exert substantial downward pressure to these equities in the coming months (Chart 4). Chart 3Balance Sheet Degrading Balance Sheet Degrading Balance Sheet Degrading Chart 4Something’s Got To Give Something’s Got To Give Something’s Got To Give Moving on to the labor market, we recently noticed an interesting behavior between the unemployment rate and wage inflation since the early-1990s recession: a repulsive magnet-type property exists where like magnetic poles repel each other (middle panel, Chart 5). In other words, every time the falling unemployment rate has kissed off accelerating wage growth, a steep reversal ensued at the onset of recession during the previous three cycles. A repeat may be already taking place, as average hourly earnings (AHE) growth has been stuck in the mud since peaking in December 2018. Importantly, the AHE impulse is quickly losing steam and every time the Fed embarks on an aggressive easing cycle it typically marks the end of wage inflation (bottom panel, Chart 5). Chart 5Beware Of Repulsion Beware Of Repulsion Beware Of Repulsion Chart 6Waiting For Growth Waiting For Growth Waiting For Growth Meanwhile, BCA’s global manufacturing PMI diffusion index has cratered to below 40% (middle panel, Chart 6). Neither the G7 nor the EM aggregate PMIs are above the boom/bust line (top panel, Chart 6). Our breakdown of the Leading Economic Indicators into G7 and EM14 also signals that global growth is hard to come by, albeit EMs are showing some early signs of a trough (bottom panel, Chart 6). As the early-May announced increase in Chinese tariffs begin to take a toll, we doubt global growth can have a sustainable recovery for the rest of 2019, despite Chinese credit growth picking up. Now, even Japan and Korea are fighting it out and are erecting barriers to trade, dealing a further blow to these economically hyper-sensitive export-oriented economies. Netting it all out, the odds of recession by mid-2020 continue to tick higher according to the NY Fed’s model (NY Fed’s probability of recession shown inverted, top panel, Chart 5) at a time when global growth is waning, U.S. profit growth is contracting and the non-financial ex-tech corporate balance sheet is degrading rapidly. On a cyclical 3-12 month time horizon we remain cautious on the broad equity market. This is U.S. Equity Strategy’s view, which stands in contrast to the more sanguine equity BCA House View. This week we are upgrading a consumer staples subgroup to overweight and initiating an intra-commodity market neutral trade. Time To Buy The Hype The tide is shifting and we are upgrading the S&P hypermarkets index to an above benchmark allocation. While valuations are stretched, trading at a 50% premium to the overall market on a 12-month forward P/E basis (not shown), our thesis is that these Big Box retailers will grow into their pricey valuations in the coming months.  The macro landscape is aligned perfectly with these defensive retailers. Consumer confidence has been falling all year long and now cracks are spreading to the labor market (confidence shown inverted, top panel, Chart 7). ADP small business payrolls declined for the second month in a row. Similarly, the NFIB survey shows that small business hiring plans are cooling (hiring plans shown inverted, middle panel, Chart 7). As a reminder, 2/3 of all new hiring typically occurs in the small and medium enterprise space. In the residential real estate market, the drop in interest rates that is now in its eighth month has yet to be felt, and house price inflation has ground to a halt. Historically, Costco membership growth has been inversely correlated with house prices (house price inflation shown inverted, bottom panel, Chart 7). Chart 7Deteriorating Macro Backdrop … Deteriorating Macro Backdrop … Deteriorating Macro Backdrop … Chart 8…Is A Boon To Hypermarkets… …Is A Boon To Hypermarkets… …Is A Boon To Hypermarkets… Chart 8 shows three additional macro variables that signal brighter times ahead for the relative share price ratio. The drubbing in the 10-year U.S. treasury yield reflects a souring macro backdrop, melting inflation and a steep fall in U.S. economic data surprises. The ISM manufacturing index that continues to decelerate and is now closing in on the boom/bust line corroborates the bond market’s grim message. Tack on the Fed’s expected four cuts in the coming 12 months, and factors are falling into place for a durable rally in relative share prices. This disinflationary backdrop along with the Fed’s looming easing interest rate cycle have put a solid bid under gold prices. Hypermarket equities and bullion traditionally move in lockstep, and the current message is to expect more gains in the former (top panel, Chart 9). On the trade front specifically, these Big Box retailers do source consumer goods from China, but up to now these imports have been nearly immune to the U.S./China trade dispute as prices have been deflating (import prices shown inverted, bottom panel, Chart 9). However, this does pose a risk going forward and we will be closely monitoring it for two reasons: First, because downward pressures may intensify on the greenback and second, President Trump may impose additional tariffs, both of which are negative for industry pricing power. Chart 9Profit Margins… Profit Margins… Profit Margins… Chart 10…Will Likely Expand …Will Likely Expand …Will Likely Expand Meanwhile, industry demand is on the rise and will likely offset the potential trade and U.S. dollar induced margin pressures. Hypermarket retail sales are climbing at a healthy clip outpacing overall retail sales (bottom panel, Chart 10). Already non-discretionary retail sales are outshining discretionary ones, which is a precursor to recession at a time when overall consumer outlays have sunk below 1% (real PCE growth shown inverted, top panel, Chart 10). The implication is that hypermarkets will continue to garner a larger slice of consumer outlays as the going gets tough. In sum, the souring macro backdrop coupled with a firming industry demand outlook signal that more gains are in store for hypermarket stocks. Bottom Line: Boost the S&P hypermarkets index to overweight. The ticker symbols for the stocks in this index are: BLBG – S5HYPC – WMT, COST. Initiate A Long Global Gold Miners/Short S&P Oil & Gas E&P Pair Trade One way to benefit from the global growth soft-patch and looming global liquidity injection is to go long global gold miners/short S&P oil & gas E&P stocks on a tactical three-to-six month basis. While this market neutral and intra-commodity pair trade has already enjoyed an impressive run, there is more upside owing to a favorable macro backdrop. The key determinant of this share price ratio is the relative move in the underlying commodities that serve as pricing power proxies (top panel, Chart 11). Given the massive currency debasement potential that has gripped Central Banks the world over, such a flush liquidity backdrop will boost the allure of the shiny metal more so than crude oil. Global manufacturing PMIs are foreshadowing recession and our diffusion index has plummeted to the lowest level since 2011 (diffusion shown inverted, middle panel, Chart 11). In the U.S. specifically there is a growth-to-liquidity handoff and the ISM manufacturing survey’s new order versus prices paid subcomponents confirms that global gold miners have the upper hand compared with E&P equities (bottom panel, Chart 11). Chart 11Global Soft-Patch… Global Soft-Patch… Global Soft-Patch… Chart 12…Disinflation… …Disinflation… …Disinflation… As a result of this growth scare that can easily morph into recession especially if the U.S./China trade war continues into next year, inflation is nowhere to be found. Unit labor costs are slumping (top panel, Chart 12), the NY Fed’s Underlying Inflation Gauge has rolled over decisively (not shown),4 and the GDP deflator is slipping (middle panel, Chart 12).      Parts of the yield curve first inverted in early-December and the 10-year/fed funds rate slope is still inverted, signaling that gold miners will continue to outperform oil producers (yield curve shown on inverted scale, bottom panel, Chart 13). The near 100bps dive in real interest rates since late-December ties everything together and is a boon to bullion (and gold producers) that yields nothing (TIPS yield shown inverted, top panel, Chart 13). Meanwhile, bond volatility has spiked of late and the bottom panel of Chart 14 shows that historically the MOVE index has been joined at the hip with relative share prices. Chart 13…Melting Real Yields And… …Melting Real Yields And… …Melting Real Yields And… Chart 14…The Spike In Bond Vol, All Favor Gold Miners Over Oil Producers …The Spike In Bond Vol, All Favor Gold Miners Over Oil Producers …The Spike In Bond Vol, All Favor Gold Miners Over Oil Producers On the relative demand front, we peer over to China to take a pulse of the marginal moves in these commodity markets. China (and Russia) has been aggressively shifting their currency reserves into gold, and bullion holdings are rising both in volume terms and as a percentage of total FX reserves. In marked contrast, oil demand is feeble and Chinese apparent diesel consumption that is closely correlated with infrastructure and manufacturing activity has tumbled. Taken together, the message is to expect additional gain in relative share prices (middle & bottom panels, Chart 15). Adding it all up, the global growth slowdown, declining real bond yields, missing inflation, rising policy uncertainty and a favorable relative demand backdrop suggest that there is an exploitable tactical trading opportunity in a long global gold miners/short S&P oil & gas E&P pair trade. Bottom Line: Initiate a tactical long global gold miners/short S&P oil & gas E&P pair trade on a three-to-six month time horizon with a stop at the -10% mark. The ticker symbols for the stocks in these indexes are: GDX:US and BLBG – S5OILP – COP, EOG, APC, PXD, CXO, FANG, HES, DVN, MRO, NBL, COG, APA, XEC, respectively. Chart 15Upbeat Relative Demand Backdrop Upbeat Relative Demand Backdrop Upbeat Relative Demand Backdrop   Anastasios Avgeriou, U.S. Equity Strategist anastasios@bcaresearch.com   Footnotes 1      Please see BCA U.S. Equity Strategy Weekly Report, “Cracks Forming” dated June 24, 2019, available at uses.bcaresearch.com. 2      Please see BCA U.S. Equity Strategy Weekly Report, “Beware Profit Recession” dated July 8, 2019, available at uses.bcaresearch.com. 3      Please see BCA U.S. Equity Strategy Weekly Report, “A Recession Thought Experiment” dated June 10, 2019, available at uses.bcaresearch.com. 4      https://www.newyorkfed.org/research/policy/underlying-inflation-gauge   Current Recommendations Size And Style Views Favor value over growth Favor large over small caps